GSTR 2B or GSTR 2A or Purchase Register: The Trinity of ITC Computation

ITC or Input Tax Credit is an important phenomenon for business as it gets set-off against the tax liability. The more ITC claim you have, the less cash you need to pay to settle your tax liability. Traditionally, ITC was computed on the basis of purchase register. However, same has changed ever since GST has been introduced.

1. Role of GSTR 2A

After the introduction of GSTIN 2017, auto-drafted purchase statement i.e. GSTR 2A was available from GSTN system on the basis of invoices uploaded by the suppliers on the GST portal.

• GSTR 2A is a dynamic statement. Hence, in case of every late filing, the respective month’s GSTR 2A gets updated.
• Thus taxpayers need to keep tab of all the previous months GSTR 2A where their purchase register did not match and revisit computations.

Perhaps to solve this issue and provide more information on status of ITC eligibility, GSTR 2B was introduced.

2. Role of GSTR 2B

GSTR 2B is still an auto-drafted purchase statement but unlike 2A, it is static. GSTR 2B gets populated every month only for those invoices which are submitted before 14th of the month. Anything submitted post 14th find their way in next month’s GSTR 2B.

• GSTR 2B is generated on specific date i.e. 14th and hence if reconciliation or even benchmarking is to be done, taxpayers will need to wait for 14th and less number of days will be at disposal for GSTR 3B preparation.

3. Role of Purchase Register

Using GSTR 2A and 2B, can provide the permissible ITC, however not everything permissible can be claimed. The purpose of goods or services, actual delivery of goods /services etc. are some rules which finally determine how much ITC be claimed and when. These details are not available in GST system, but in taxpayer’s internal systems and in purchase register.

In the initial days or even now, the ITC claim is self-declared. Gradually, Government started monitoring the self-declared ITC. And to keep the fraudulent practices at bay, stringent rules for ITC claim were introduced.

• ITC available only when the vendor files the returns i.e. the invoice is uploaded and tax liability is settled
• Restriction on full utilitisation of ITC for clearing tax liability subject to certain conditions. At least 1 % of liability to be paid in cash

As a result, the ITC computation practices of taxpayers also evolved. GST Reconciliation which was more of a once in a while activity earlier, now has become a necessary step in the return filing process.

Thus, for maximum ITC and accurate computation, all the three are necessary. From proactive reconciliation perspective, doing reconciliation based on GSTR 2A on daily basis and having scope of corrections in Supplier’s sales data before filing help to maximize ITC. Also it is important to reconcile with GSTR 2B vs purchase register for deriving final ITC which can be claimed as per law. So that there can not be excess ITC claims beyond GSTR 2B.

Checklist to maximize ITC claim

For the benefit of our readers, we have prepared a 10 point checklist how they can maximize their ITC claim and ensure it is accurate:

1. Check if the invoice is Valid

Whenever you collect an invoice from your suppliers or vendors, ensure that it is a valid one with all the necessary details printed on it. With the e-invoice mandate is getting deeper in the taxpayer community (now 50 Cr + turnover to follow e-invoicing from 1st April 2021), you must also check if e-invoicing is applicable to your vendors. While there is no prescribed list for the same, it is advisable to take a declaration from all your vendors that can come handy for any future ITC claim complexities.

2. Check if the QR Code is Valid

For those who fall under the e-invoice mandate, expect a proper e-invoice from these vendors with IRN and QR Code printed on it. You can use IRIS Peridot to check if your vendors are preparing e-invoices and or scan the QR Code to get e-invoice details. It is important that your purchase invoice has a valid QR Code. You can read about QR Codes and B2B invoices here. The government has also mandated QR code on B2C invoices from 1st April 2021 for companies with Rs. 500 CR+ turnover. Hence, it is good to keep this info ready.

3. Check if the Invoice appears in your GSTR 2A

In a normal scenario, an invoice will have IRN on it however, you must note that if an invoice is saved again by supplier then the IRN will not be auto-populated. So, ensure that the IRN on the physical/soft copy is valid.

• If physical invoice is available with you, see if values are matching – reconcile
• If invoice is cancelled then it would not be available in GSTR 2A

Further, we also recommend the suppliers to reconcile their e-invoices with auto-populated GSTR 1 so that re-upload of data can be avoided and IRN can be retained.

4. Check if the invoice also appears in GSTR 2B

This is the most crucial aspect now considering the recent developments. While invoice generation, registering on IRP portal and printing of IRN and QR code on the invoice is a necessary step, it becomes quintessential that the supplier also uploads the invoice on government portal before 12th of the month or in other way, filed his GSTR-1 on time. The invoice data will appear in GSTR 2B only if the counter party has filed their returns. You can check with Peridot if your counterparty has filed their GST Returns and if not, you can follow up with them regarding the same.

5. Check if you are following up for missing invoices

There may be cases where you have recorded invoices in your purchase register and they are not reflected in your GSTR 2A or 2B. In such scenario, you need to follow up with vendor immediately so that the missing invoices can be uploaded on time and the vendor is reminded to file return on time. Sending emails in bulk and marking the invoices which are being followed up are some tools which can make this process efficient.

6. Check whether ITC is eligible

The invoices available in GSTR 2B reflect the data as uploaded by the supplier, which includes invoice details such as invoice number, invoice date, place of supply, invoice value and line item details such as tax rate, tax amounts. Taking GST data as benchmark for computing ITC available, the critical data points which determine eligibility of invoice for ITC purpose are

• Place of supply, only if same as taxpayers’ state then ITC on such invoice is available
• Counterparty (i.e. vendor) filing status
• If covered under reverse charge

The invoices where the PoS and Taxpayers state are same, counterparty has filed returns and it’s a forward charge transaction, implies ITC is available.

7. Check whether you can claim ITC

However, there are some additional factors which also need to be considered to identify claimable ITC out of available ITC. GST Reconciliation is necessary to ensure the data in your records and as uploaded by supplier is a match. It is also very important to ensure that the claimable amount should not become ineligible because of any of the supplier’s mistake.

For determining eligibility of claimable ITC, some additional information such as purpose of purchase (for furtherance of business or otherwise), product or service details (so as to determine if it falls in negative list for ITC), if depreciation is already claimed etc., is needed. This information is captured either at the time of recording the purchase transaction, or while period closure or preparing GST returns. Hence, the ITC computed from GST data needs to be adjusted based on these additional data fields to arrive at an accurate picture.

8. Check if ITC has already been claimed

If you are claiming ITC on provisional basis, then you need to ensure you do not claim ITC again when the invoice is actually reported by your vendor and thus starts reflecting in your GSTR 2A and 2B. The onus of identifying such invoices and adjusting ITC amount in subsequent months is on the taxpayer.

9. Check if vendor payment is done after 6 months

Invoice uploaded by vendor, shown properly in 2A and 2B and you have claimed ITC. So far so good. However if you do not pay the vendor within 6 months of the transaction, then the ITC needs to be reversed. The recently introduced communication channel on GST portal has provision for vendors to inform recipient cases where payment has not been received. While as a recipient you may receive this notification, the data also remains in GST system and hence can eventually come under the exchequers’ radar.

All the above mentioned points are in control of the recipient.

Some other aspect which can impact ITC claim is fulfilling of tax liability by supplier. Now whether supplier has declared full liability or has filed NIL, it cannot be known from the filing status. And this info is also not in public domain. However, you can use IRIS Peridot to check some trends to infer this information:

• GSTR 1 is filed but GSTR 3B is not filed
• Compliance status for overall PAN if more than one GSTIN exist.

IRIS GST – Your Tool for Mastering ITC

The goal of achieving maximum and accurate ITC is challenging, yet manageable by using the right strategies and solutions. Taxpayers should carefully weigh the pros and cons and go ahead with solution or rather a GST Compliance partner who can help them to meet the objective, effectively and efficiently. Availability of ITC has a direct impact on cash outflow for the taxpayer. Hence, more the ITC available the better. Well defined internal processes and solutions to help you reconcile purchase data, can assist you in narrowing down the discrepancies and help you to maximize your ITC claim.

Courtesy to IRIS GST Software, the preferred GST Solution of top organizations across the country, reconciliation can be easier than you think. Built-in with advanced algorithms and fuzzy logic, IRIS GST Software helps you to reconcile all your data, with no-hassles guaranteed. It swiftly scans through your purchase and the suppliers’ sales data and points out the discrepancies.

IRIS GST Software is India’s leading GST software to reconcile data faster and ensure 100% compliance! 

Feature Highlights: 

• Bulk Data upload facility – It helps to upload data for multiple GSTINs in one go 
• 2P Summary – Provides a summary of uploaded data. You can quickly check your uploaded data with the count of invoices getting considered for reconciliation 
• Bulk download of GSTR 2A and GSTR 2B– For multiple periods, you can send ’Get GSTR 2A/ 2B data’ request in one go 
• Smart reconciliation – It on your data and provides the recon results with summary 
• Advanced reconciliation – It helps to extend the scope of comparison between data that is in the supplier-only and purchaser-only category. Some rules that help in better reconciliation are: 
  • Checking invoices across the financial years 
  • Fuzzy invoice no. logic 
  • Checking exact values ignoring invoice number 
  • Checking invoices within the tolerance provided by you 
• Monthly reconciliation results with monthly GSTR 2A and 2B report – Helps to decide monthly ITC and how much you can claim 

• Net vendor summary – It gives you a glance reconciliation status for each vendor 
• PAN level reports and GSTIN level reports – It helps to analyze in detail of your purchaser-only and supplier-only invoices Send Mail – By using this feature you can easily communicate discrepancies to your vendor